Taken on it own terms, director Toko Ina's Cocoon: From the Girls of Summer is a short, sharp animated look at the Himeyuri students stationed on front-line islands during the Pacific portion of the Second World War. These real-life children, who were told that they were to work in Red Cross hospitals far removed from conflict, were actually bussed directly into battle to build shelters and perform nursing duties for a flagging Imperial army. Ina's piece, a television movie produced for NHK's satellite channel, uses a bright, idyllic colour scheme that suggests a big budget children's fantasy movie. Indeed, Cocoon's animation producer is one Hitomi Tateno, a veteran of massive Studio Ghibli productions like Princess Mononoke or When Marnie Was There (among a great many others). Unfortunately, writer-illustrator Machiko Kyo's serialised manga, on which this film is based, is a poor match for such a luxuriant approach. Comparatively, Kyo's linework is stark and simplistic; a story constructed around tremoring human outlines and their ghostly patients.
The frail figures on Kyo's pages are washed in blotted grey and black inks, suggesting an oppressive and all-encompassing fog of soot and death. These deliberately naïve illustrations could very well be a sketchbook diary that has been plucked directly out of this horror. Since the film was produced with a very specific audience in mind, there's a conscious dialing back of the palpable bitterness that underpins Kyo's comic. Although these young women try to power through for the sake of their national pride in both mediums, it's underlined for the reader that these girls are being fed into a meat grinder by the various layers of adults who should be looking out for them - from teachers and soldiers, all the way up to their own government. In the animated setting of Ina's film, insinuations dangle without clarification; the children much more tuned into the wider cultural objective of Imperial Japan. This Cocoon, very much like Kihachi Okamoto's Battle of Okinawa, depicts the American invasion of these islands as anonymous and almost spectral; an ever-present flame that licks at the despairing Japanese. The elisions applied to this adaptation - that jettison, amongst others, inked episodes in which trembling teens are directed to dispose of hacked-off, gangrenous limbs - do end up providing one impressive visual flourish in their efforts to conceal bloodshed: rather than animate youngsters riddled with bullets or rotten injuries that seethe with maggots, Cocoon's gunned-down students instead leak flower petals from their pulverised bodies.

































